File Reading (ifstream)

std::ifstream is the input file stream class from <fstream>. It plugs a file into the same stream interface as std::cin, so >> and getline work the same way they do on the console. This chapter covers opening a file, the two main read patterns (>> and getline), how to tell end-of-file apart from a real read failure, the issues that come with mixing the two, and how to load a CSV-shaped product catalog into a std::vector.