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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

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15 sections86 chapters
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Welcome
Course Roadmap
Course Setup
Join the Community
SQL Foundations
What is SQL?
The Relational Model
Keys and Constraints
Normalization
Denormalization
Querying Data
The SELECT Statement
Filtering with WHERE
BETWEEN and IN
LIKE and Pattern Matching
NULL Handling and COALESCE
CASE WHEN Expressions
Sorting and Pagination
DISTINCT
Scalar Functions: Strings, Numbers, Dates
Date and Time
Table and Column Aliases
Aggregations
Aggregate Functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG
MIN, MAX, and Finding Rows with Extreme Values
GROUP BY and HAVING
Advanced Grouping: ROLLUP, CUBE, GROUPING SETS
String and Conditional Aggregation
Joins
Introduction to Joins
INNER JOIN
LEFT JOIN
RIGHT JOIN
FULL OUTER JOIN
CROSS JOIN
SELF JOIN
LATERAL JOIN and Join Interview Patterns
Subqueries & CTEs
Subquery Fundamentals
EXISTS, NOT EXISTS, IN, and NOT IN
Correlated Subqueries
Common Table Expressions (CTEs)
Recursive CTEs
Window Functions
Introduction to Window Functions
ROW_NUMBER
RANK, DENSE_RANK, and Distribution Functions
LAG, LEAD, and Row Comparison
FIRST_VALUE, LAST_VALUE, NTH_VALUE
Window Aggregates: Running Totals and Moving Averages
Gaps and Islands
Set Operations
UNION and UNION ALL
INTERSECT and EXCEPT
Pivoting and Unpivoting Data
DDL, DML & Views
Creating and Modifying Tables
INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and UPSERT
Views and Materialized Views
Temporary Tables and Table Expressions
Working with JSON Data
Performance
How Indexes Work
Composite, Partial, and Covering Indexes
EXPLAIN and Reading Execution Plans
Query Optimization and Anti-Patterns
Transactions & Concurrency
What is a Transaction?
ACID Properties
Isolation Levels
Locking Mechanisms
Deadlocks
MVCC: Multi-Version Concurrency Control
Data Modeling
Entity-Relationship Modeling
Normal Forms in Practice
Denormalization Strategies
Star Schema and Snowflake Schema
Interview Patterns
SQL Gotchas and Tricky Behavior
Top-N per Group
Nth Highest / Nth Value
Finding and Removing Duplicates
Consecutive Records and Streaks
Period-over-Period Comparisons
Running Totals and Cumulative Calculations
Gaps in Sequences
Funnel Analysis, Cohorts, and Retention
Sessionization and Time-Based Grouping
Hierarchical Queries and Tree Traversal
Median and Percentile Calculations
Overlap Detection and Date Ranges
Pivot Patterns and Data Reshaping
Procedural SQL
User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
Stored Procedures and Procedural SQL
Triggers
Database Security
Users, Roles, and Privileges
Row-Level and Column-Level Security
SQL Injection and Safe Query Construction