Go Fundamentals

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First Go Program

Variables & Declarations

Exercise: Variables & Declarations

Short Variable Declaration

Exercise: Short Variable Declaration

Exercise: Basic Types

Exercise: Zero Values

Exercise: Constants

Type Conversions

Exercise: Type Conversions

Exercise: Operators

Exercise: Input & Output

Comments & Naming

Exercise: Comments & Naming

Exercise: If-Else

Exercise: If with Init

Exercise: For Loop

Exercise: Range

Switch Statement

Exercise: Switch Statement

Exercise: Type Switch

Break & Continue

Exercise: Break & Continue

Labeled Statements

Exercise: Labeled Statements

Function Basics

Exercise: Function Basics

Multiple Return Values

Exercise: Multiple Return Values

Named Return Values

Exercise: Named Return Values

Variadic Functions

Exercise: Variadic Functions

First-Class Functions

Exercise: First-Class Functions

Anonymous Functions

Exercise: Anonymous Functions

Exercise: Closures

Exercise: defer

Exercise: init Function

Blank Identifier

Exercise: Blank Identifier

Exercise: Arrays

Exercise: Slices Basics

Slice Internals

Exercise: Slice Internals

Creating Slices

Exercise: Creating Slices

Exercise: append & copy

Nil vs Empty Slices

Exercise: Nil vs Empty Slices

Exercise: Slice Tricks

Multidimensional Slices

Exercise: Multidimensional Slices

Exercise: slices Package

Exercise: Slice Gotchas

Exercise: Map Basics

Exercise: Map Operations

Exercise: Comma-ok Idiom

Exercise: Iterating Maps

Exercise: Map Internals

Exercise: Sets with Maps

Exercise: maps Package

Exercise: String Basics

Exercise: UTF-8 & Runes

String Iteration

Exercise: String Iteration

strings Package

Exercise: strings Package

strconv Package

Exercise: strconv Package

Exercise: String Builder

String Formatting

Exercise: String Formatting

Byte Slices & Strings

Exercise: Byte Slices & Strings

Regular Expressions

Exercise: Regular Expressions

Exercise: Struct Basics

Struct Literals

Exercise: Struct Literals

Exported & Unexported Fields

Exercise: Exported & Unexported Fields

Anonymous Structs

Exercise: Anonymous Structs

Struct Embedding

Exercise: Struct Embedding

Exercise: Struct Tags

Constructor Functions

Exercise: Constructor Functions

Struct Comparison

Exercise: Struct Comparison

JSON with Structs

Exercise: JSON with Structs

Exercise: Methods Basics

Value vs Pointer Receivers

Exercise: Value vs Pointer Receivers

Exercise: Method Sets

Interfaces Basics

Exercise: Interfaces Basics

Implicit Interface Satisfaction

Exercise: Implicit Interface Satisfaction

Empty Interface

Exercise: Empty Interface

Type Assertions

Exercise: Type Assertions

Exercise: Type Switches

Interface Composition

Exercise: Interface Composition

Common Interfaces

Exercise: Common Interfaces

Interface Best Practices

Exercise: Interface Best Practices

Interface vs Concrete Types

Exercise: Interface vs Concrete Types

Exercise: Pointer Basics

Pointers & Functions

Exercise: Pointers & Functions

Pointer Receivers

Exercise: Pointer Receivers

Exercise: new vs make

Exercise: Nil Pointers

Pointer to Pointer

Exercise: Pointer to Pointer

When to Use Pointers

Exercise: When to Use Pointers

error Interface

Exercise: error Interface

Creating Errors

Exercise: Creating Errors

Error Handling Patterns

Exercise: Error Handling Patterns

Wrapping Errors

Exercise: Wrapping Errors

errors.Is & errors.As

Exercise: errors.Is & errors.As

Custom Error Types

Exercise: Custom Error Types

Sentinel Errors

Exercise: Sentinel Errors

Exercise: panic

Exercise: recover

Error Handling Best Practices

Exercise: Error Handling Best Practices

Packages Basics

Exercise: Packages Basics

Exercise: Go Modules

Importing Packages

Exercise: Importing Packages

Module Versioning

Exercise: Module Versioning

Exercise: Vendoring

Exercise: Go Workspaces

Internal Packages

Exercise: Internal Packages

Publishing Modules

Exercise: Publishing Modules

Goroutine Basics

Exercise: Goroutine Basics

Goroutine Lifecycle

Exercise: Goroutine Lifecycle

Exercise: WaitGroup

Exercise: GMP Scheduler

Exercise: GOMAXPROCS

Goroutines vs Threads

Exercise: Goroutines vs Threads

Goroutine Leaks

Exercise: Goroutine Leaks

Goroutine Patterns

Exercise: Goroutine Patterns

Goroutine Debugging

Exercise: Goroutine Debugging

Exercise: Channel Basics

Buffered Channels

Exercise: Buffered Channels

Unbuffered Channels

Exercise: Unbuffered Channels

Channel Directions

Exercise: Channel Directions

Range over Channels

Exercise: Range over Channels

Select Statement

Exercise: Select Statement

Exercise: Nil Channels

Exercise: Fan-In

Exercise: Fan-Out

Exercise: Done Channel

Concurrency Overview

Exercise: Concurrency Overview

Exercise: Worker Pools

Exercise: Pipelines

Exercise: Mutex

Atomic Operations

Exercise: Atomic Operations

Exercise: sync.Once

Exercise: sync.Pool

Exercise: errgroup

Exercise: Race Detector

Concurrency Best Practices

Exercise: Concurrency Best Practices

Exercise: Context Basics

context.WithCancel

Exercise: context.WithCancel

context.WithTimeout

Exercise: context.WithTimeout

context.WithDeadline

Exercise: context.WithDeadline

context.WithValue

Exercise: context.WithValue

Context Propagation

Exercise: Context Propagation

Generics Basics

Exercise: Generics Basics

Type Parameters

Exercise: Type Parameters

Type Constraints

Exercise: Type Constraints

Exercise: Type Sets

Generic Functions

Exercise: Generic Functions

Exercise: Generic Types

Exercise: Type Inference

constraints Package

Exercise: constraints Package

Generics Best Practices

Exercise: Generics Best Practices

Exercise: os Package

Exercise: bufio Package

io.Reader & io.Writer

Exercise: io.Reader & io.Writer

ioutil Alternatives

Exercise: ioutil Alternatives

filepath Package

Exercise: filepath Package

Exercise: fs Package

embed Directive

Exercise: embed Directive

Temporary Files & Dirs

Exercise: Temporary Files & Dirs

Exercise: JSON Basics

Struct Tags for JSON

Exercise: Struct Tags for JSON

Exercise: JSON Streaming

Custom Marshalers

Exercise: Custom Marshalers

json.RawMessage

Exercise: json.RawMessage

Exercise: XML Encoding

Exercise: CSV Encoding

Exercise: gob Encoding

Table-Driven Tests

Testing Best Practices

net/http Basics

HTTP Middleware

ServeMux Routing

Request Context

Graceful Shutdown

database/sql Basics

Connecting to Database

Prepared Statements

Connection Pooling

Reflection Basics

Exercise: Reflection Basics

reflect.Type & reflect.Value

Exercise: reflect.Type & reflect.Value

Inspecting Structs

Exercise: Inspecting Structs

Reading Struct Tags

Exercise: Reading Struct Tags

Dynamic Invocation

Exercise: Dynamic Invocation

Reflection Performance

Exercise: Reflection Performance

Reflection Use Cases

Exercise: Reflection Use Cases

Sizeof, Alignof, Offsetof

Calling C from Go

range over func

Exercise: range over func

Exercise: Iterators

slices Package (Modern)

Exercise: slices Package (Modern)

maps Package (Modern)

Exercise: maps Package (Modern)

Exercise: cmp Package

Enhanced ServeMux

Exercise: Enhanced ServeMux

Loop Variable Change

Exercise: Loop Variable Change

Go Version History

Exercise: Go Version History

Dependency Injection

Profiling with pprof

Linting & staticcheck

Cross-Compilation

Common Mistakes

Go Fundamentals

Welcome

Course Roadmap
Course Setup
Join the Community

Introduction to Go

What is Go?
History of Go
Why Go?
Installing Go
First Go Program
Go Toolchain
Go Playground

Basic Syntax

Variables & Declarations
Exercise: Variables & Declarations
Short Variable Declaration
Exercise: Short Variable Declaration
Basic Types
Exercise: Basic Types
Zero Values
Exercise: Zero Values
Constants
Exercise: Constants
iota
Exercise: iota
Type Conversions
Exercise: Type Conversions
Operators
Exercise: Operators
Input & Output
Exercise: Input & Output
Comments & Naming
Exercise: Comments & Naming

Control Flow

If-Else
Exercise: If-Else
If with Init
Exercise: If with Init
For Loop
Exercise: For Loop
Range
Exercise: Range
Switch Statement
Exercise: Switch Statement
Type Switch
Exercise: Type Switch
Break & Continue
Exercise: Break & Continue
Labeled Statements
Exercise: Labeled Statements

Functions

Function Basics
Exercise: Function Basics
Multiple Return Values
Exercise: Multiple Return Values
Named Return Values
Exercise: Named Return Values
Variadic Functions
Exercise: Variadic Functions
First-Class Functions
Exercise: First-Class Functions
Anonymous Functions
Exercise: Anonymous Functions
Closures
Exercise: Closures
defer
Exercise: defer
init Function
Exercise: init Function
Blank Identifier
Exercise: Blank Identifier

Arrays & Slices

Arrays
Exercise: Arrays
Slices Basics
Exercise: Slices Basics
Slice Internals
Exercise: Slice Internals
Creating Slices
Exercise: Creating Slices
append & copy
Exercise: append & copy
Nil vs Empty Slices
Exercise: Nil vs Empty Slices
Slice Tricks
Exercise: Slice Tricks
Multidimensional Slices
Exercise: Multidimensional Slices
slices Package
Exercise: slices Package
Slice Gotchas
Exercise: Slice Gotchas

Maps

Map Basics
Exercise: Map Basics
Map Operations
Exercise: Map Operations
Comma-ok Idiom
Exercise: Comma-ok Idiom
Iterating Maps
Exercise: Iterating Maps
Map Internals
Exercise: Map Internals
Sets with Maps
Exercise: Sets with Maps
maps Package
Exercise: maps Package

Strings

String Basics
Exercise: String Basics
UTF-8 & Runes
Exercise: UTF-8 & Runes
String Iteration
Exercise: String Iteration
strings Package
Exercise: strings Package
strconv Package
Exercise: strconv Package
String Builder
Exercise: String Builder
String Formatting
Exercise: String Formatting
Byte Slices & Strings
Exercise: Byte Slices & Strings
Regular Expressions
Exercise: Regular Expressions

Structs

Struct Basics
Exercise: Struct Basics
Struct Literals
Exercise: Struct Literals
Exported & Unexported Fields
Exercise: Exported & Unexported Fields
Anonymous Structs
Exercise: Anonymous Structs
Struct Embedding
Exercise: Struct Embedding
Struct Tags
Exercise: Struct Tags
Constructor Functions
Exercise: Constructor Functions
Struct Comparison
Exercise: Struct Comparison
JSON with Structs
Exercise: JSON with Structs

Methods & Interfaces

Methods Basics
Exercise: Methods Basics
Value vs Pointer Receivers
Exercise: Value vs Pointer Receivers
Method Sets
Exercise: Method Sets
Interfaces Basics
Exercise: Interfaces Basics
Implicit Interface Satisfaction
Exercise: Implicit Interface Satisfaction
Empty Interface
Exercise: Empty Interface
Type Assertions
Exercise: Type Assertions
Type Switches
Exercise: Type Switches
Interface Composition
Exercise: Interface Composition
Common Interfaces
Exercise: Common Interfaces
Interface Best Practices
Exercise: Interface Best Practices
Interface vs Concrete Types
Exercise: Interface vs Concrete Types

Pointers

Pointer Basics
Exercise: Pointer Basics
Pointers & Functions
Exercise: Pointers & Functions
Pointer Receivers
Exercise: Pointer Receivers
new vs make
Exercise: new vs make
Nil Pointers
Exercise: Nil Pointers
Pointer to Pointer
Exercise: Pointer to Pointer
When to Use Pointers
Exercise: When to Use Pointers

Error Handling

error Interface
Exercise: error Interface
Creating Errors
Exercise: Creating Errors
Error Handling Patterns
Exercise: Error Handling Patterns
Wrapping Errors
Exercise: Wrapping Errors
errors.Is & errors.As
Exercise: errors.Is & errors.As
Custom Error Types
Exercise: Custom Error Types
Sentinel Errors
Exercise: Sentinel Errors
panic
Exercise: panic
recover
Exercise: recover
Error Handling Best Practices
Exercise: Error Handling Best Practices

Packages & Modules

Packages Basics
Exercise: Packages Basics
Go Modules
Exercise: Go Modules
Importing Packages
Exercise: Importing Packages
Module Versioning
Exercise: Module Versioning
Vendoring
Exercise: Vendoring
Go Workspaces
Exercise: Go Workspaces
Internal Packages
Exercise: Internal Packages
Publishing Modules
Exercise: Publishing Modules

Goroutines

Goroutine Basics
Exercise: Goroutine Basics
Goroutine Lifecycle
Exercise: Goroutine Lifecycle
WaitGroup
Exercise: WaitGroup
GMP Scheduler
Exercise: GMP Scheduler
GOMAXPROCS
Exercise: GOMAXPROCS
Goroutines vs Threads
Exercise: Goroutines vs Threads
Goroutine Leaks
Exercise: Goroutine Leaks
Goroutine Patterns
Exercise: Goroutine Patterns
Goroutine Debugging
Exercise: Goroutine Debugging

Channels

Channel Basics
Exercise: Channel Basics
Buffered Channels
Exercise: Buffered Channels
Unbuffered Channels
Exercise: Unbuffered Channels
Channel Directions
Exercise: Channel Directions
Range over Channels
Exercise: Range over Channels
Select Statement
Exercise: Select Statement
Nil Channels
Exercise: Nil Channels
Fan-In
Exercise: Fan-In
Fan-Out
Exercise: Fan-Out
Done Channel
Exercise: Done Channel

Concurrency Patterns

Concurrency Overview
Exercise: Concurrency Overview
Worker Pools
Exercise: Worker Pools
Pipelines
Exercise: Pipelines
Mutex
Exercise: Mutex
Atomic Operations
Exercise: Atomic Operations
sync.Once
Exercise: sync.Once
sync.Pool
Exercise: sync.Pool
errgroup
Exercise: errgroup
Race Detector
Exercise: Race Detector
Concurrency Best Practices
Exercise: Concurrency Best Practices

Context Package

Context Basics
Exercise: Context Basics
context.WithCancel
Exercise: context.WithCancel
context.WithTimeout
Exercise: context.WithTimeout
context.WithDeadline
Exercise: context.WithDeadline
context.WithValue
Exercise: context.WithValue
Context Propagation
Exercise: Context Propagation

Generics

Generics Basics
Exercise: Generics Basics
Type Parameters
Exercise: Type Parameters
Type Constraints
Exercise: Type Constraints
Type Sets
Exercise: Type Sets
Generic Functions
Exercise: Generic Functions
Generic Types
Exercise: Generic Types
Type Inference
Exercise: Type Inference
constraints Package
Exercise: constraints Package
Generics Best Practices
Exercise: Generics Best Practices

File I/O

os Package
Exercise: os Package
bufio Package
Exercise: bufio Package
io.Reader & io.Writer
Exercise: io.Reader & io.Writer
ioutil Alternatives
Exercise: ioutil Alternatives
filepath Package
Exercise: filepath Package
fs Package
Exercise: fs Package
embed Directive
Exercise: embed Directive
Temporary Files & Dirs
Exercise: Temporary Files & Dirs

JSON & Encoding

JSON Basics
Exercise: JSON Basics
Struct Tags for JSON
Exercise: Struct Tags for JSON
JSON Streaming
Exercise: JSON Streaming
Custom Marshalers
Exercise: Custom Marshalers
json.RawMessage
Exercise: json.RawMessage
XML Encoding
Exercise: XML Encoding
CSV Encoding
Exercise: CSV Encoding
gob Encoding
Exercise: gob Encoding

Testing

Testing Basics
Table-Driven Tests
Subtests
Test Helpers
Benchmarks
Fuzzing
httptest
Test Fixtures
Code Coverage
Testing Best Practices

Networking & HTTP

net/http Basics
HTTP Handlers
HTTP Middleware
ServeMux Routing
HTTP Client
JSON APIs
Request Context
TCP Server
UDP Server
Graceful Shutdown

Database Access

database/sql Basics
Connecting to Database
Querying Data
Prepared Statements
Transactions
Connection Pooling
NULL Handling
sqlx Package

Reflection

Reflection Basics
Exercise: Reflection Basics
reflect.Type & reflect.Value
Exercise: reflect.Type & reflect.Value
Inspecting Structs
Exercise: Inspecting Structs
Reading Struct Tags
Exercise: Reading Struct Tags
Dynamic Invocation
Exercise: Dynamic Invocation
Reflection Performance
Exercise: Reflection Performance
Reflection Use Cases
Exercise: Reflection Use Cases

Unsafe & cgo

unsafe Package
unsafe.Pointer
Sizeof, Alignof, Offsetof
cgo Basics
Calling C from Go
cgo Pitfalls

Standard Library

sync Package
sort Package
time Package
log/slog
crypto Package
embed Package
text/template
html/template
flag Package
math/rand

Modern Go

range over func
Exercise: range over func
Iterators
Exercise: Iterators
slices Package (Modern)
Exercise: slices Package (Modern)
maps Package (Modern)
Exercise: maps Package (Modern)
cmp Package
Exercise: cmp Package
Enhanced ServeMux
Exercise: Enhanced ServeMux
Loop Variable Change
Exercise: Loop Variable Change
Go Version History
Exercise: Go Version History

Best Practices

Effective Go
Project Layout
Dependency Injection
Profiling with pprof
Linting & staticcheck
Build Tags
go generate
Cross-Compilation
Documentation
Common Mistakes

Exercise: Nil Channels

Medium Priority

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Nil Channels Fan-In