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Design Multi-threaded File Downloader
Last Updated: January 30, 2026
Ashish Pratap Singh
13 min read
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Design Multi-threaded File Downloader
1. Clarifying Requirements
Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements
Concurrency Requirements
2. Identifying Core Entities
Entity Summary
3. Concurrency Challenges
Shared State
Challenge 1: Concurrent Writes to Same File
Challenge 2: Progress Aggregation
Challenge 3: Partial Failure Handling
Challenge 4: Pause/Resume with In-Flight Chunks...
Progress Requirements
4. Synchronization Strategy
Approach 1: Single Thread Downloads All Chunks...
Approach 2: Thread Pool with Shared File Handle...
Approach 3: Lock-Free with Separate File Handles...
Strategy Comparison
5. Designing Classes and Relationships
5.1 ChunkStatus Enum
5.2 Chunk Class
5.3 ProgressTracker Class
5.4 ChunkDownloader Class
5.5 FileDownloader Class
Full Class Diagram
Design Patterns Used
5.5 Try It Yourself
6. Code Implementation
6.1 ChunkStatus Enum
6.2 Chunk Class
6.3 ProgressTracker Class
6.4 ChunkDownloader Class
6.5 FileDownloader Class
6.6 Sequence Diagram
7. Thread Safety Analysis
Correctness Argument
Deadlock Freedom
Starvation Analysis
Performance Characteristics
8. Interview Questions and Answers
9. Extensions
9.1 Distributed Downloads
9.2 Bandwidth Throttling
9.3 Checksum Verification
9.4 HTTP/2 Multiplexing
References
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