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Design Concurrent Leaderboard
Last Updated: February 1, 2026
Ashish Pratap Singh
31 min read
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Design Concurrent Leaderboard
What is a Skip List?
1. Clarifying Requirements
Real-World Use Cases
Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements
Concurrency Requirements
2. Identifying Core Entities
Entity Summary
3. Concurrency Challenges
Shared State
Challenge 1: Lost Score Update
Challenge 2: Inconsistent Ranking View
Challenge 3: Dual-Index Inconsistency
Progress Requirements
4. Synchronization Strategy
Understanding ReadWriteLock
Approach 1: Coarse-Grained Locking (Single Lock)...
Approach 2: ReadWriteLock (Readers-Writer Lock)...
Approach 3: Lock-Free with ConcurrentSkipListMap...
Strategy Comparison
Why ReadWriteLock with Concurrent Collections?...
5. Designing Classes and Relationships
ScoreEntry
ConcurrentLeaderboard
RankedPlayer (Response DTO)
Full Class Diagram
Concurrency Patterns Used
5.5 Try It Yourself
6. Code Implementation
6.1 ScoreEntry Class
6.2 RankedPlayer Class
6.3 ConcurrentLeaderboard Class
Method-by-Method Explanation
6.4 Sequence Diagrams
7. Thread Safety Analysis
Correctness Argument
Deadlock Freedom
Starvation Analysis
Performance Characteristics
8. Common Implementation Mistakes
9. Interview Questions and Answers
10. Extensions
10.1 Distributed Leaderboard with Redis
10.2 Time-Windowed Leaderboards
10.3 Bucket-Based Ranking for Massive Scale
10.4 Metrics and Monitoring
References
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