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Pre-training vs Fine-tuning vs RLHF: The Three Stages of LLM Development
Last Updated: December 10, 2025
Ashish Pratap Singh
6 min read
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Pre-training vs Fine-tuning vs RLHF: The Three Sta...
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The Three Stages at a Glance
Stage 1: Pre-training
Stage 2: Fine-tuning (Supervised Fine-Tuning / SFT...
Stage 3: RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human F...
Alternatives to RLHF
Comparison Summary
Practical Recommendations
Key Takeaways
The Journey from Text Predictor to Assistant
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