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Computer Networks Roadmap
What is a Computer Network
Network Topologies (Bus, Star, Mesh, Hybrid)
Bandwidth, Latency, Throughput
Foundations
Types of Networks (LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN)
Switching Techniques (Circuit, Packet, Message)
OSI Model (7 Layers)
Encapsulation & Decapsulation
Network Models
TCP/IP Model
Comparison of OSI vs TCP/IP
Transmission Media (Wired, Wireless)
Error Detection & Correction (Parity, CRC, Hamming)
Ethernet & VLANs
Physical & Data Link Layer
Encoding & Modulation
MAC Addressing
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
IPv4 & IPv6
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
ICMP (Ping, Traceroute)
Routing Protocols (RIP, OSPF, BGP)
Network Layer
IP Addressing & Subnetting
NAT (Network Address Translation)
Routing Algorithms (Distance Vector, Link State)
TCP vs UDP
Flow Control & Congestion Control
QoS (Quality of Service)
Transport Layer
3-Way Handshake & 4-Way Termination
Sliding Window Protocol
DNS (Domain Name System)
HTTPS & TLS/SSL
FTP & SFTP
DHCP
Application Layer
HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3
SMTP, POP3, IMAP (Email Protocols)
SSH
Wi-Fi Standards (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax)
Mobile Networks (2G → 5G)
CDNs (Content Delivery Networks)
Wireless & Modern Networking
Bluetooth & NFC
SDN (Software Defined Networking)
Edge & Cloud Networking
Firewalls & Proxies
IDS & IPS
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Network Security
VPNs
DDoS Attacks & Mitigation
Zero Trust Networking
Multicast & Anycast
Peer-to-Peer Networking
Container Networking (CNI, Istio, Service Mesh)
Advanced Topics
Overlay Networks
Network Virtualization (VXLAN, NVGRE)
Subnetting & IP Addressing Exercises
Packet Sniffing with Wireshark
Set up a Local Web Server & Test Latency
Projects
Build a DNS Resolver
Simulate TCP Congestion Control
Configure a Firewall & VPN
TCP vs UDP Questions
IP Addressing & Subnetting Problems
Common Networking Scenarios (Load Balancing, Failover)
Interview Preparation
HTTP vs HTTPS Questions
Routing & DNS Questions
Case Studies (How the Internet Works, How CDNs Work)
