Last Updated: December 6, 2025
Understanding how to use Optional and Union in Python type hints can greatly enhance your code's readability and robustness. These constructs allow you to specify when a value can have multiple types or can be absent altogether.
If you've ever faced the challenge of dealing with functions that could return different types or might not return a value at all, then you're in the right place.
In this chapter, we will dive deep into Optional and Union, exploring how to use them effectively in your code. We'll look at practical examples, real-world applications, and some common pitfalls to avoid.